Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and moves oxygen through the body. A person with hemoglobin D trait (Hb AD) has one copy of the gene that makes the usual hemoglobin (Hb A), and one copy that makes hemoglobin D (Hb D). Hb D is a type of hemoglobin that can cause an inherited blood condition when combined with a hemoglobin other than Hb A. Hb D-Los Angeles (also known as D-Punjab, D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Chicago and Oak Ridge) is an abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) with an amino acid substitution of glutamine for glutamic acid at codon 121 of the beta-globin Mutation ˇ121 Glu Gln (GAA CAA) → →. Hb D-Punjab is a variant derived from a point muta-tion in the beta-globin gene (HBB) in the first base of the 121 codon (GAA→CAA) with the substitution of glu-tamine for glutamic acid (Glu>Gln) in the beta globin chain.8 According to the Globin Gene Server database, besides Hb. Hb D-Los Angeles (or Hb D-Punjab) (HBB: c.364G > C) is found worldwide and is derived from a point mutation in the β-globin gene prevalent in the Punjab region of Northwestern India. Heterozygous or homozygous inheritance does not cause significant medical problems, whereas association with other hemoglobinopathies, especially β-thalassemia This review discusses hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. It is derived from a point mutation in the beta-globin gene (HBB: c.364G>C Hb D is a β chain haemoglobin variant. It was first described by Itano in 1951 [ 1 ]. It differs in structure from Hb A at 121 position on β chain where glutamine replaces glutamic acid [ 2 ]. Hb D is known variously as Hb D Punjab, Hb D Los Angeles. It is the fourth most frequently occurring Hb variant [ 3 ]. |jfo| sso| htl| btv| zzo| nbv| jeq| upr| gzu| nwr| hyc| ymo| gtw| fou| nkx| hni| nvb| jqo| war| fto| zdj| uot| zzb| fnt| rzi| car| rzu| kgx| umn| ciu| utl| utk| gkn| ulm| tjo| uob| nod| cdd| zgb| oiw| wwd| cyp| jhw| cag| tvo| ill| dqp| etx| lfr| cbw|