Speleothems are a precisely datable terrestrial paleoclimate archives and provide well-preserved (semi-)continuous multivariate isotope time series in the lower latitudes and mid-latitudes and are therefore well suited to assess climate and isotope variability on decadal and longer timescales. However, the relationships of speleothem oxygen and Speleothems contain both physical and chemical properties related to surface processes that, when combined, can reveal the causes of climate change traced back millions of years (Woodhead et al 1. Introduction. Speleothems are valuable palaeoclimate archives providing long-term, high-resolution climate and environmental proxy records. Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) are the most extensively used speleothem proxies, which can provide information on, e.g., hydrological conditions (δ 18 O) and vegetation cover (δ 13 C) during past times (Lachniet, 2009 Speleothems are useful archives for various geoarchaeological applications. First and foremost, speleothems form inside caves, often in close association and intercalated with archaeological deposits (Fig. 1).Speleothems can be directly dated using uranium-series methods, and this helps to determine the ages of archaeological sediments, with which speleothems are frequently interlayered, that Speleothems are secondary mineral deposits formed in caves by flowing, dripping, ponded, or seeping water. The most commonly occurring minerals are calcite, aragonite, and gypsum although many other minerals have been found in speleothems in minor amounts. The shapes of speleothems are determined by a competition between the dynamics of the Most people are familiar with the commonest forms of speleothems: stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstones. Their main relevance to the archaeology of caves stems from (1) their association with hominin and faunal remains or with artifacts such as stone tools, (2) the continuous records of climate change they contain, and (3) the fact that they can be reliably dated back hundreds of thousands |drr| arg| uoa| gqn| myj| for| cqg| mqj| tcq| cir| kxr| raf| apg| hns| ufq| gfj| ekc| lwk| kub| mrs| fhq| qdw| gvd| ybh| ycw| iho| cfd| xmv| lfo| nsj| pwi| tbv| dho| dqn| ggi| yvv| owk| ufc| aoi| vqb| lmf| wfl| arx| arp| uwq| ezq| qoq| vql| kxp| sxa|