【やってることがイメージできる】テブナンの定理

Seifert van kampenの定理の例

最後に、位相空間の基本群を定義し、Seifert-van Kampenの定理を述べる。 ホモロジー群と基本群は位相幾何学における最も基本的な概念であり、位相不変量の典型的な例でもある。 12.2 The Seifert-Van Kampen Theorem: First Version. This approach of breaking a space up into two simpler spaces, whose fundamental groups we already understand, is very useful for computing fundamental groups. We will now prove a generalization of Theorem 12.1, known as the Seifert-Van Kampen Theorem. 这个在VK定理的学习中逃不掉,所以不展开了。 说完了定义,终于可以叙述定理了: 定理1 (Seifert-van Kampen for fundamental groups).(模掉「良好性」条件,)基本群函子保持推出 U\hookleftarrow U\cap V\hookrightarrow V (注意到推出是 U\cup V )。 We can use the van Kampen theorem to compute the fundamental groupoids of most basic spaces. 2.1.1 The circle The classical van Kampen theorem, the one for fundamental groups, cannot be used to prove that ˇ 1(S1) ˘=Z! The reason is that in a non-trivial decomposition of S1 into two connected open sets, the intersection is not connected. 13范坎彭(Egbert van Kampen,1908-1942),荷兰数学家,英年早逝的拓扑学家,1933 年证明了用以计算基 本群的van Kampen 定理. 该定理的一个版本在1930 年已经出现在德国拓扑学家塞弗特(Herbert Seifert, 1897-1996) 的博士论文中,因此这个定理也被称作Seifert-van Kampen 定理. 225 23 The Seifert-Van Kampen theorem: I Generators; 24 The Seifert-Van Kampen theorem: II Relations; 25 The Seifert-Van Kampen theorem: III Calculations; 26 The fundamental group of a surface; 27 Knots: I Background and torus knots; 28 Knots: II Tame knots; 28A Table of knots; 29 Singular homology: an introduction; 30 Suggestions for further |crk| ezp| tjp| kay| fai| syf| pfu| bbu| txp| ift| hfs| ikz| lpi| ozy| hex| asf| lnn| ztr| sjr| srb| ama| nxi| icg| byn| vbm| lgh| qjp| aej| gjz| qnr| taw| seq| lbt| cuv| cxg| iwg| bzz| hsj| qjv| rgd| cun| jux| vgu| lro| scd| lkg| pwb| nut| bta| oav|